Although Spokane doesn’t have the most recognizable skyline, assistant professor of civil engineering at Gonzaga University Joshua Schultz would argue that the buildings within it are nothing short of spectacular.

“I don’t think Spokane associates its identity as a city with its architecture or engineering, but there's still significant and impressive work that has been done … there are these needles in a haystack or diamonds in the rough that are easy to overlook,” Schultz says.

One of those overlooked buildings is St. Charles Church, located at 4515 N. Alberta, near the Shadle Center, northwest of the Garland District. Although from the outside it may simply look like an ordinary church with a unique roof, St. Charles’ roof is considered a historical feat in engineering by most in the Spokane civic engineering community. Schultz recently collaborated with international engineering firm Thornton Tomasetti and published an article about the history of the church and exactly what makes its roof so special.

In his studies of the roof, Schultz found the roof to be stronger and stiffer than traditional roof typologies yet required less material in its construction. He says that the local builder used complex geometry, instead of stronger material, to construct the roof.

He compares the geometry of the roof of St. Charles to that of the Pringles potato chip.

“The shape of a Pringles chip is a paraboloid. Pringles didn’t use some super strong chip material, it's the same chip, but the actual geometry makes it stiffer and stronger,” Schultz says.

The paraboloid structure design for St. Charles was a collaborative project of Funk, Molander & Johnson Engineers, of Spokane; local architect William C. James; and T.Y. Linn, of the University of California Structural Engineering Laboratory.

Using the paraboloid, the engineers constructed a substantially stronger and stiffer roof, while using less material than it would take to build a typical flat concrete roof. “Instead of brute-forcing the design, leveraging geometry allowed engineers to be more efficient and elegant. So you get a design that is very materially efficient by simply new geometries or even looking back to old ones,” Schultz says.

St. Charles Church was constructed during a sort of engineering boom. Following World War II and the return of American troops back home, the demand for the construction of new buildings increased rapidly. With them, troops brought knowledge from aerospace design of fighter planes as well as tales of beautiful European structures back from the war, comprehensively influencing civil engineering. 

“When it comes to efficient material use, novel designs, aesthetically pleasing, beautiful structures, a lot of those weren’t pioneered in the U.S. Historically, we’ve always had an abundance of material … so you could produce a lot of (buildings) cheaply and because of that, engineers didn’t need to be as innovative,” Schultz says.

However, during of the massive war effort, there was a significant shortage of the usual materials, forcing engineers to be creative. Constructed in 1959 and finished in 1961, St. Charles’ roof was a part of that creative renaissance.

Although St. Charles’ roof is more structurally sound than most in his studies, Schultz believes that it will soon need restoration. Made of concrete, the roof has started to crack slightly, causing it to sag slightly. 

Furthermore, the weight of the stained glass inside of the church has caused the structural supports for it to degrade. Over the summer, Schultz will be conducting a forensic analysis of the church to determine how to improve the structure.

While St. Charles Church has occupied most of his time recently, Schultz and his students from Gonzaga's School of Engineering and Applied Science have studied many other buildings around Spokane that he considers to be historical feats of engineering.

“Seniors at Gonzaga are getting exposed to local real world scenarios like the Division Street Bridge, the Expo ’74 Pavilion, St. Charles Church, and more recently the Catalyst Building, which is one of the largest zero-carbon, zero-energy buildings in North America,” Schultz says.

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